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Flat Feet

Description:

Flat feet, or pes planus, occur when the arches of the feet are lower than normal or entirely flattened, causing the sole to make complete or near-complete contact with the ground. This condition can be present from childhood or develop later in life due to various factors such as age, injury, or overuse.

Flat feet can range from asymptomatic to causing discomfort, pain, or fatigue in the feet, ankles, knees, hips, or lower back. Left untreated, it may lead to biomechanical imbalances and increased risk of other foot-related issues.

Why Flat Feet Are a Concern:
The arch of the foot plays a critical role in absorbing shock, distributing weight, and stabilising the body during movement. When the arch collapses:
• The posterior tibial tendon, responsible for supporting the arch, becomes overworked, leading to inflammation, pain, and potential posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD).
• The peroneal tendons, which stabilise the foot on the outer side, may also compensate excessively, resulting in strain and discomfort.
• Ligamentous strain such as the spring ligament and deltoid ligament can become overstretched, causing further instability and foot deformities.
• Misalignment of the foot can place abnormal stresses on the plantar fascia, leading to conditions such as plantar fasciitis.
• Overpronation, the main characteristic of flat feet, can disrupt gait mechanics and strain the knees, hips, and lower back.

Causes:

  • Congenital: Arches may not develop properly during childhood.
  • Genetics: Family history of flat feet.
  • Injury: Trauma, fractures, or ligament tears that affect the foot structure.
  • Medical Conditions: Arthritis, diabetes, or conditions causing ligament laxity (e.g., Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome).
  • Obesity: Increased weight strains the arch-supporting structures.
  • Age-Related Changes: Weakening of tendons and ligaments over time.

Symptoms:

  • Foot pain or fatigue, especially in the arch or heel area.
  • Swelling along the inner side of the foot or ankle.
  • Difficulty standing on tiptoes or prolonged standing.
  • Overpronation (feet rolling inward) while walking.
  • Pain radiating to the knees, hips, or lower back due to altered biomechanics.

Risks if left untreated:

Flat feet do not have to be treated, however by treating you can reduce your long term risk of:

  • Foot Problems: Increased risk of plantar fasciitis, bunions, corns, calluses, or Achilles tendinitis.
  • Joint Pain: Misalignment can cause discomfort in the ankles, knees, hips, or spine.
  • Progressive Deformity: Continued flattening of the arch and worsening symptoms.
  • Limited Mobility: Chronic discomfort may affect walking and activity levels.

What Appointment to Book:

  • New Patients: Biomechanical Assessment or Initial Consultation.
  • Returning Patients: Orthotic Review or Advanced Therapies.

Effective Treatments We Offer:

  • Custom Orthotics: Bespoke insoles to support the arch, improve alignment, and reduce pain.
  • Manual Therapy: Mobilisation and stretching to improve flexibility and reduce tension in the foot and lower leg.
  • Strengthening Exercises: Focused programs to build arch and ankle strength.
  • Taping or Bracing: Provides temporary support and stability during activities.
  • Footwear Advice: Guidance on selecting shoes with proper arch support and cushioning.
  • Shockwave Therapy: Stimulates healing in cases of associated pain, such as plantar fasciitis.
  • Activity Modification: Recommendations for reducing strain and managing high-impact activities.